Yes, and for many storefronts and vehicles, inside window decals hold up better than decals applied outside.
Clear vinyl decals can be applied to the inside of glass, and it's a common choice for storefronts,
car windows, and equipment cabs where the graphic needs protection from weather, road spray, or vandalism. The main thing that changes is how the artwork is printed. Inside window decals are typically reverse printed (also called second surface decals) so the design reads correctly to people looking at the glass from outside, while the printed ink sits safely behind the glass rather than exposed to the elements.